Alcohol and Drug Abuse
Mrnak-Meyer J, Tate SR, Tripp JC, Worley MJ, Jajodia A, McQuaid JR.
Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2011 Oct;41(5):532-42.
Abstract. This study examined whether widely accepted suicide risk factors are useful in predicting suicide-related hospitalization, beyond history of a suicide attempt, in high-risk treatment-seeking veterans with depression and substance dependence. Negative mood regulation expectancies were the only significant predictor of hospitalization during 6-months of outpatient treatment. History of a suicide attempt was the only significant predictor of hospitalization during the one-year follow-up period. Results suggest that within high-risk populations, standard suicide risk factors may not identify individuals who will engage in suicidal behaviors resulting in hospitalization. Assessing negative mood regulation expectations may assist in identifying those most at risk.
Predictors of suicide-related hospitalization among U.S. veterans receiving treatment for comorbid depression and substance dependence: who is the riskiest of the risky?
Risk factors for cocaine-induced psychosis in cocaine-dependent patients
Roncero C, Daigre C, Gonzalvo B, Valero S, Castells X, Grau-López L, Eiroa-Orosa FJ, Casas M.
Eur Psychiatry. 2011 Nov 23. [Epub ahead of print]
Cocaine consumption can induce transient psychotic symptoms, expressed as paranoia or hallucinations. Cocaine induced psychosis (CIP) is common but not developed in all cases. This is the first European study on the relationship between CIP, consumption pattern variables and personality disorders. We evaluated 173 cocaine-dependent patients over 18 years; mostly males, whose average age was 33.6 years (SD=7.8). Patients attending an outpatient addictions department were enrolled in the study and subsequently systematically evaluated using SCID I and SCID II interviews for comorbid disorders, a clinical interview for psychotic symptoms and EuropASI for severity of addiction. A high proportion of cocaine dependent patients reported psychotic symptoms under the influence of cocaine (53.8%), the most frequently reported being paranoid beliefs and suspiciousness (43.9%).
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Eur Psychiatry. 2011 Nov 23. [Epub ahead of print]
Cocaine consumption can induce transient psychotic symptoms, expressed as paranoia or hallucinations. Cocaine induced psychosis (CIP) is common but not developed in all cases. This is the first European study on the relationship between CIP, consumption pattern variables and personality disorders. We evaluated 173 cocaine-dependent patients over 18 years; mostly males, whose average age was 33.6 years (SD=7.8). Patients attending an outpatient addictions department were enrolled in the study and subsequently systematically evaluated using SCID I and SCID II interviews for comorbid disorders, a clinical interview for psychotic symptoms and EuropASI for severity of addiction. A high proportion of cocaine dependent patients reported psychotic symptoms under the influence of cocaine (53.8%), the most frequently reported being paranoid beliefs and suspiciousness (43.9%).
What can allostasis tell us about anabolic-androgenic steroid addiction?
Hildebrandt T, Yehuda R, Alfano L.
Dev Psychopathol. 2011 Aug;23(3):907-19.
Dev Psychopathol. 2011 Aug;23(3):907-19.
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) are synthetic hormones used by individuals who want to look better or perform better in athletics and at the gym. Their use raises an interesting paradox in which drug use is associated with a number of health benefits, but also the possibility of negative health consequences. Existing models of AAS addiction follow the traditional framework of drug abuse and dependence, which suggest that harmful use occurs as a result of the drug's ability to hijack the motivation-reward system. However, AASs, unlike typical drugs of abuse, are not used for acute intoxication effects or euphoria. Rather, AASs are used to affect the body through changes to the musculoskeletal system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis as opposed to stimulating the reward system. We offer an allostatic model of AAS addiction to resolve this inconsistency between traditional drug addiction and AAS addiction. This allostatic framework provides a way to (a) incorporate exercise into AAS misuse, (b) identify where AAS use transitions from recreational use into a drug problem, and (c) describe individual differences in vulnerability or resilience to AASs. Implications for this model of AAS addiction are discussed.
The effect of risky alcohol use and smoking on suicide risk: findings from the German MONICA/KORA-Augsburg Cohort Study
Schneider B, Baumert J, Schneider A, Marten-Mittag B, Meisinger C, Erazo N, Hammer GP, Ladwig KH.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2010 Sep 21. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Smoking and heavy alcohol use predicts suicidal behaviour. Whether the simultaneous presentation of both conditions induces an amplified effect on risk prediction has not been investigated so far.
METHODS: In a community-based cohort study, a total of 12,888 subjects (6,456 men, 6,432 women; age range of 25-74·years at assessment) from three independent population-based cross-sectional MONICA surveys (conducted in 1984/85, 1989/90, and 1994/95), representative for the Southern German population, was followed up until 31 December 2002. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for deaths from suicide using German population rates were calculated for smoking and high alcohol consumption.
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Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2010 Sep 21. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND: Smoking and heavy alcohol use predicts suicidal behaviour. Whether the simultaneous presentation of both conditions induces an amplified effect on risk prediction has not been investigated so far.
METHODS: In a community-based cohort study, a total of 12,888 subjects (6,456 men, 6,432 women; age range of 25-74·years at assessment) from three independent population-based cross-sectional MONICA surveys (conducted in 1984/85, 1989/90, and 1994/95), representative for the Southern German population, was followed up until 31 December 2002. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for deaths from suicide using German population rates were calculated for smoking and high alcohol consumption.
Violent and nonviolent suicide in veterans with substance-use disorders
Ilgen MA, Conner KR, Valenstein M, Austin K, Blow FC.
Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence and the Serious Mental Illness Treatment Research and Evaluation Center, Ann Arbor Department of Veterans Affairs, 2215 Fuller Road (11H), Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2010 Jul;71(4):473-9.
ABSTRACT. Objective: Substance-use disorders (SUDs) increase the risk of suicide. Examining risk factors for violent or nonviolent suicide in those with SUDs could improve suicide-prevention efforts in these individuals. We examined the demographic and clinical predictors of violent and nonviolent suicide among patients with SUDs.
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Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence and the Serious Mental Illness Treatment Research and Evaluation Center, Ann Arbor Department of Veterans Affairs, 2215 Fuller Road (11H), Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2010 Jul;71(4):473-9.
ABSTRACT. Objective: Substance-use disorders (SUDs) increase the risk of suicide. Examining risk factors for violent or nonviolent suicide in those with SUDs could improve suicide-prevention efforts in these individuals. We examined the demographic and clinical predictors of violent and nonviolent suicide among patients with SUDs.
Alcoholism and suicidal behavior: a clinical overview
Sher L.
Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2006 Jan;113(1):13-22.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper was to provide a clinical review of the literature on the relation of alcoholism to suicidal behavior. METHOD: Studies of alcoholism and suicidal behavior available in MEDLINE, Institute for Scientific Information Databases (Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were identified and reviewed.
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Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2006 Jan;113(1):13-22.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper was to provide a clinical review of the literature on the relation of alcoholism to suicidal behavior. METHOD: Studies of alcoholism and suicidal behavior available in MEDLINE, Institute for Scientific Information Databases (Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index), EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were identified and reviewed.
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